Risk Factors for Progressive Visual Field Loss in Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study

PURPOSE To investigate risk factors associated with progressive visual field (VF) loss in primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed medical record of PACG patients who had ≥5 reliable VF examinations (central 24-2 threshold test, Humphrey Field Analyzer) and ≥2 years of follow-up. Each VF was scored using Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study system. Progression was defined if 3 consecutive follow-up VF tests had an increased score of ≥3 above the mean of the first 2 VF scores. Factors associated with VF progression were evaluated by Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS A total of 89 eyes from 89 patients (mean age, 69.8 ± 7.9 years), who received a mean of 6.9 ± 2.3 VF tests (mean deviation at initial, -8.1 ± 4.4 dB) with a mean follow-up of 63.9 ± 23.9 months were included. VF progression was detected in 9 eyes (10%). The axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth, and intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with and without progression were 22.5 ± 0.6 and 23.1 ± 0.9 mm, 2.5 ± 0.3 and 2.5 ± 0.3 mm, 14.8 ± 2.4 and 14.3 ± 2.3 mm Hg, respectively. AL was the only factor associated with progression in both Cox proportional hazards univariate (p = 0.031) and multivariate models (p = 0.023). CONCLUSION When taking into account age, IOP, follow-up period, and number of VF tests, a shorter AL is the only factor associated with VF progression in this cohort of Chinese patients with PACG. Further studies are warranted to verify the role of AL in progressive VF loss in PACG.